Further, side effects were generally manageable and primarily mild to moderate in severity. The results [Abstract #OA 05.06] were presented by Professor Benjamin Solomon, lead investigator and medical oncologist at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia, today during an oral session at the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) 18th World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) in Yokohama, Japan. Pfizer will also present data from several other lung cancer clinical programs.
“The findings presented today suggest that lorlatinib, if approved, may represent an effective treatment option for patients with ALK-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer across multiple lines of therapy. These are comprehensive data in non-small cell lung cancer patients previously treated with second-generation ALK inhibitors who currently have few available treatment options,” said Professor Benjamin Solomon, lead investigator and medical oncologist at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
“Controlling brain metastases is very important to these patients and an especially challenging aspect of treating this disease. We saw excellent intracranial responses in all patient groups, including those who were heavily pretreated.”
Mace Rothenberg, MD, chief development officer, Oncology, Pfizer Global Product Development, said: “Lorlatinib is an extraordinary example of what can be achieved through translational research and precision medicine development. Recall that Xalkori (crizotinib) was the first drug approved for patients with ALK-positive and ROS1-positive NSCLC.
"By understanding the mutations that occurred in patients that rendered their tumors resistant to Xalkori and other ALK inhibitors, medicinal chemists working at Pfizer were able to design a molecule with the potential to overcome that resistance and inhibit ALK despite these mutations. We are very encouraged by the results of this Phase 2 trial that provide the first clinical evidence of the activity of lorlatinib in this setting."
The Phase 2 study examined the antitumor activity and safety of lorlatinib in 275 patients with or without asymptomatic, untreated or treated brain metastases. Patients were enrolled in six cohorts based on biomarker (ALK-positive or ROS1-positive) and prior therapy. The primary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and intracranial ORR (IC-ORR) confirmed by independent central review (ICR). Results by clinically relevant groups showed:
ALK-positive treatment-naïve: ORR was 90% (27/30; 95% CI: 74, 98) and IC-ORR was 75% (6/8; 95% CI: 35, 97).
ALK-positive previously treated with crizotinib with or without chemotherapy: ORR was 69% (41/59; 95% CI: 56, 81) and IC-ORR was 68%(25/37; 95% CI: 50, 82).
ALK-positive previously treated with a non-crizotinib ALK inhibitor with or without chemotherapy: ORR was 33% (9/27; 95% CI: 16, 54) and IC-ORR was 42% (5/12; 95% CI: 15, 72).
ALK-positive previously treated with two or three prior ALK inhibitors with or without chemotherapy: ORR was 39% (43/111; 95% CI: 30, 49) and IC-ORR 48% (40/83; 95% CI: 37, 59).
ROS1-positive regardless of prior treatment: ORR was 36% (17/47; 95% CI: 23, 52) and IC-ORR was 56% (14/25; 95% CI: 35, 76).
Lorlatinib was generally tolerable. Most adverse events were mild to moderate and were managed by dose reductions or delay or with standard medical therapy. There were no treatment-related deaths and a low (3%) rate of discontinuation due to drug-related adverse events. The most common adverse events were: hypercholesterolemia (81%), hypertriglyceridemia (60%), edema (43%), peripheral neuropathy (30%), weight increase (18%), cognitive effects (18%), mood effects (15%), fatigue (13%), diarrhea (11%), arthralgia (10%), and increased AST (10%).
The Phase 2 data will form the basis of discussions with global regulatory authorities, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. On April 26, 2017, the FDA granted Breakthrough Therapy designation for lorlatinib for the treatment of patients with ALK-positive metastatic NSCLC previously treated with one or more ALK inhibitors.