According to the USGS, around 123 KT of cobalt was mined in 2016 and it was projected that there will be insufficient supply to meet the required demands in 2017. Currently, over one-fourth of the cobalt use is in several chemical applications, including material used for EV batteries. Its use is expected to grow rapidly, with demand likely outstripping supply. Henceforth, this is expected to result in a rapid increase in price. Supply constraints are likely to persist in the coming years as approximately 60% of cobalt production comes from the Democratic Republic of Congo, which presents both operational as well as reputational risk for mining companies. Furthermore, it is mostly produced as a by-product of copper and nickel.

In order to address these issues, companies operating in the market are pulling up their socks and are developing advanced products in order to balance the consumption of cobalt. For instance, in January 2017, Umicore acquired the Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) battery material patents from 3M. The NMC cathode materials covered by the different patent families offer an exceptional balance of energy, power, safety features, and low cost.

Companies are also getting into partnerships with leading firms in order to acquire their technology, such as in November 2017, Umicore and Voxdale announced a partnership with Mahindra Racing in the Formula E Championship. With the help of this agreement, Umicore and Mahindra Racing showed that top electric car performance can be achieved using recycled materials for battery storage. Some of the other companies operating in the cobalt sulfate market are PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel, Freeport Cobalt Oy, Huayou Cobalt Co., Ltd., ALT Cobalt & Nickel Products (Dalian) Co., Ltd., and INCASA SA.

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According to the report, the global cobalt sulfate market is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 8.0% from 2017 to 2025. The market was worth US$ 2,745.9 Mn in 2017 and is expected to reach a valuation of US$ 9,523.5 Mn by the end of 2025.

Government Subsidies and Initiatives to Accelerate Sales

Several governments worldwide are focusing on the development of incentives and subsidies to promote the sales of electric vehicles as well as batteries, which is likely to push the demand for cobalt sulfate in the coming years. Governments of various economies in Europe are offering attractive incentives to customers who choose to purchase electric vehicles over conventional IC engine vehicles. This has promoted an increase in sales of electric powered vehicles, especially in Switzerland, Norway, etc. Further, consumers are exempted from vehicle fees, such as purchase taxes and VAT, which sometimes make up for 25% of the total cost. Electric vehicle batteries are gaining traction in the global market and with it, the demand for cobalt sulfate is growing. Moreover, in the last couple of years, chemical applications have accounted for a significant share in total cobalt demand across the globe. Likewise, the demand for cobalt is expected to be driven by increasing production of lithium ion batteries for electric storage systems and electric vehicles.

Limited Raw Material Availability to Hinder Market Growth

Declining copper and nickel prices have challenged the supply of cobalt. Cobalt is primarily produced as a by-product in copper and nickel mines. Nevertheless, only ~2.0% of the global supply is from primary cobalt mines. Cobalt supply growth is largely dependent on the new copper and nickel mines as both the metals have been witnessing significant decline in prices since 2011.

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